{
  "language_code": "en",
  "title": "Confronting Our AI Future · Jeff Dean / 李飞飞（Stanford HAI, 2026-10-28）",
  "source_text": "Stanford HAI 闭幕演讲 + 炉边对谈，约 48 min。原文与全文译文见 D:\\AI content\\videos\\2026-11-09-confronting-our-ai-future-jeff-dean-feifei-li\\",
  "vocab": [
    {
      "word": "experimental loop / discovery loop",
      "phonetic": "",
      "pos": "n.",
      "meaning": "实验循环 / 发现回路",
      "example": "the universal loop of science and engineering",
      "level": ""
    },
    {
      "word": "iteration time",
      "phonetic": "",
      "pos": "n.",
      "meaning": "迭代时间",
      "example": "if you can drive down iteration time",
      "level": ""
    },
    {
      "word": "public benefit corporation (PBC)",
      "phonetic": "",
      "pos": "n.",
      "meaning": "公益公司 / 公共利益公司",
      "example": "we established our company as a public benefit corporation",
      "level": ""
    },
    {
      "word": "frontier model",
      "phonetic": "",
      "pos": "n.",
      "meaning": "前沿模型",
      "example": "really capable frontier models",
      "level": ""
    },
    {
      "word": "base model",
      "phonetic": "",
      "pos": "n.",
      "meaning": "基座模型",
      "example": "a great base model isn't sufficient",
      "level": ""
    },
    {
      "word": "agent harness",
      "phonetic": "",
      "pos": "n.",
      "meaning": "agent 运行框架 / 支架",
      "example": "we've built our own agent harness",
      "level": ""
    },
    {
      "word": "agent-first infrastructure",
      "phonetic": "",
      "pos": "n.",
      "meaning": "agent 优先的基础设施",
      "example": "really agent first infrastructure",
      "level": ""
    },
    {
      "word": "automated improvement loop",
      "phonetic": "",
      "pos": "n.",
      "meaning": "自动化改进循环",
      "example": "20 automated improvement loops running",
      "level": ""
    },
    {
      "word": "model distillation",
      "phonetic": "",
      "pos": "n.",
      "meaning": "模型蒸馏",
      "example": "model distillation or mixture of experts",
      "level": ""
    },
    {
      "word": "teacher model / student model",
      "phonetic": "",
      "pos": "n.",
      "meaning": "教师模型 / 学生模型",
      "example": "use it as the teacher to teach your nimble lightweight student model",
      "level": ""
    },
    {
      "word": "mixture of experts (MoE)",
      "phonetic": "",
      "pos": "n.",
      "meaning": "混合专家架构",
      "example": "mixture of experts models",
      "level": ""
    },
    {
      "word": "neural architecture search (NAS)",
      "phonetic": "",
      "pos": "n.",
      "meaning": "神经架构搜索",
      "example": "neural architecture search is kind of a early version of these automated loops",
      "level": ""
    },
    {
      "word": "inference-time compute scaling",
      "phonetic": "",
      "pos": "n.",
      "meaning": "推理时算力扩展",
      "example": "inference time compute scaling where you try many ways",
      "level": ""
    },
    {
      "word": "chain of thought",
      "phonetic": "",
      "pos": "n.",
      "meaning": "思维链",
      "example": "things like chain of thought",
      "level": ""
    },
    {
      "word": "word2vec / seq2seq / Transformer",
      "phonetic": "",
      "pos": "n.",
      "meaning": "词向量 / 序列到序列 / Transformer",
      "example": "word tovec and then sequence to sequence and then transformers",
      "level": ""
    },
    {
      "word": "TPU",
      "phonetic": "",
      "pos": "n.",
      "meaning": "张量处理单元",
      "example": "TPUs are machine learning focused hardware",
      "level": ""
    },
    {
      "word": "skip connection",
      "phonetic": "",
      "pos": "n.",
      "meaning": "跳跃连接",
      "example": "a skip connection every layer",
      "level": ""
    },
    {
      "word": "LSTM-based model",
      "phonetic": "",
      "pos": "n.",
      "meaning": "基于 LSTM 的模型",
      "example": "earlier say LSTMbased models",
      "level": ""
    },
    {
      "word": "post-training",
      "phonetic": "",
      "pos": "n.",
      "meaning": "后训练",
      "example": "Quac was our post training lead",
      "level": ""
    },
    {
      "word": "placement and routing",
      "phonetic": "",
      "pos": "n.",
      "meaning": "布局与布线",
      "example": "placement and routing and chip design",
      "level": ""
    },
    {
      "word": "reinforcement learning (RL)",
      "phonetic": "",
      "pos": "n.",
      "meaning": "强化学习",
      "example": "automated decision-m with reinforcement learning",
      "level": ""
    },
    {
      "word": "evolutionary algorithm",
      "phonetic": "",
      "pos": "n.",
      "meaning": "进化算法",
      "example": "or evolutionary algorithms",
      "level": ""
    },
    {
      "word": "decomposition (problem)",
      "phonetic": "",
      "pos": "n.",
      "meaning": "（问题）分解",
      "example": "a difficult decomposition problem in and of itself",
      "level": ""
    },
    {
      "word": "coordination overhead",
      "phonetic": "",
      "pos": "n.",
      "meaning": "协调开销",
      "example": "you end up with a lot of coordination overhead",
      "level": ""
    },
    {
      "word": "resource conflicts",
      "phonetic": "",
      "pos": "n.",
      "meaning": "资源冲突",
      "example": "resource conflicts can occur, large system effects",
      "level": ""
    },
    {
      "word": "self-improving system",
      "phonetic": "",
      "pos": "n.",
      "meaning": "自我改进系统",
      "example": "I think of like self-improving systems as one thing",
      "level": ""
    },
    {
      "word": "recursive self-improvement (RSI)",
      "phonetic": "",
      "pos": "n.",
      "meaning": "递归自我改进",
      "example": "so recursive self-improvement is how do you actually get that kind of self-improving approach to improve the base system",
      "level": ""
    },
    {
      "word": "measurable objective",
      "phonetic": "",
      "pos": "n.",
      "meaning": "可测目标 / 指标",
      "example": "some measurable objective like accuracy of an ML model",
      "level": ""
    },
    {
      "word": "machine-checked proof / Lean",
      "phonetic": "",
      "pos": "n.",
      "meaning": "机器验证证明 / Lean（证明辅助语言）",
      "example": "500 pages of lean ... So it's machine checked",
      "level": ""
    },
    {
      "word": "minimal description theory",
      "phonetic": "",
      "pos": "n.",
      "meaning": "最小描述理论",
      "example": "the minimal description theory that helps explain experimental data",
      "level": ""
    },
    {
      "word": "hypothesis / experiment / evaluation",
      "phonetic": "",
      "pos": "n.",
      "meaning": "假设 / 实验 / 评估",
      "example": "we tend to call it hypothesis form hypothesis and then you go through experiments and evaluation",
      "level": ""
    },
    {
      "word": "domain expert",
      "phonetic": "",
      "pos": "n.",
      "meaning": "领域专家",
      "example": "a relatively small number of domain experts",
      "level": ""
    },
    {
      "word": "digital domain / physical process",
      "phonetic": "",
      "pos": "n.",
      "meaning": "数字领域 / 物理过程",
      "example": "you can do the entire loop in digital form",
      "level": ""
    },
    {
      "word": "pan-institutional",
      "phonetic": "",
      "pos": "adj.",
      "meaning": "全校性的 / 跨院系的",
      "example": "it's like a a pan institutional thing",
      "level": ""
    },
    {
      "word": "rigorous",
      "phonetic": "",
      "pos": "adj.",
      "meaning": "严谨的",
      "example": "some more rigorous definition of what is self-improvement",
      "level": ""
    },
    {
      "word": "contemporary",
      "phonetic": "",
      "pos": "n./adj.",
      "meaning": "同代人 / 同时代的",
      "example": "We're contemporaries in terms of our education",
      "level": ""
    },
    {
      "word": "in its lifetime",
      "phonetic": "",
      "pos": "phr.",
      "meaning": "在它（这个概念）的一辈子 / 沿革中",
      "example": "how many names this concept has had in its lifetime",
      "level": ""
    },
    {
      "word": "tease apart A from B",
      "phonetic": "",
      "pos": "v.",
      "meaning": "把 A 和 B 拆开分辨",
      "example": "to tease apart the fiction from the facts",
      "level": ""
    },
    {
      "word": "loose",
      "phonetic": "",
      "pos": "adj.",
      "meaning": "（用法）松散、不严谨",
      "example": "people are just using this in a very loose way",
      "level": ""
    },
    {
      "word": "infinity / infinitely fast",
      "phonetic": "",
      "pos": "n./adv.",
      "meaning": "无穷 / 无限快",
      "example": "accelerate and ... to the infinity",
      "level": ""
    },
    {
      "word": "implausible",
      "phonetic": "",
      "pos": "adj.",
      "meaning": "不可信、站不住",
      "example": "I just find that kind of uh implausible",
      "level": ""
    },
    {
      "word": "illusion",
      "phonetic": "",
      "pos": "n.",
      "meaning": "幻觉 / 错觉",
      "example": "some people have this illusion that",
      "level": ""
    },
    {
      "word": "grounded in reality",
      "phonetic": "",
      "pos": "phr.",
      "meaning": "脚踏实地 / 贴合现实",
      "example": "And it's good to be grounded in reality",
      "level": ""
    },
    {
      "word": "pragmatic",
      "phonetic": "",
      "pos": "adj.",
      "meaning": "务实的",
      "example": "if you look at it as a pragmatic engineering system",
      "level": ""
    },
    {
      "word": "profound / profoundness",
      "phonetic": "",
      "pos": "adj./n.",
      "meaning": "深刻（性）",
      "example": "a really profound shift",
      "level": ""
    },
    {
      "word": "ripe",
      "phonetic": "",
      "pos": "adj.",
      "meaning": "时机成熟、值得下手",
      "example": "a really ripe set of domains",
      "level": ""
    },
    {
      "word": "exotic",
      "phonetic": "",
      "pos": "adj.",
      "meaning": "奇异的、非主流的",
      "example": "a much more exotic set of model architectures",
      "level": ""
    },
    {
      "word": "organic",
      "phonetic": "",
      "pos": "adj.",
      "meaning": "有机的、自然生长状的",
      "example": "more organic looking neural network architectures",
      "level": ""
    },
    {
      "word": "flourishing",
      "phonetic": "",
      "pos": "n.",
      "meaning": "涌现、大批冒出来",
      "example": "a flourishing of like really wild exotic ... architectures",
      "level": ""
    },
    {
      "word": "distal",
      "phonetic": "",
      "pos": "adj.",
      "meaning": "远端的、相距远的",
      "example": "connect distal parts of your neural net",
      "level": ""
    },
    {
      "word": "infrequent",
      "phonetic": "",
      "pos": "adj.",
      "meaning": "稀疏、不常出现",
      "example": "some like very uh infrequent but uh large cross connections",
      "level": ""
    },
    {
      "word": "unwieldy / nimble / lightweight",
      "phonetic": "",
      "pos": "adj.",
      "meaning": "笨重难用 / 灵巧 / 轻量",
      "example": "really unwieldy and expensive",
      "level": ""
    },
    {
      "word": "pinnacle",
      "phonetic": "",
      "pos": "n.",
      "meaning": "顶峰",
      "example": "such a pinnacle of human intelligence",
      "level": ""
    },
    {
      "word": "tsunami",
      "phonetic": "",
      "pos": "n.",
      "meaning": "海啸（比喻剧变）",
      "example": "this pretty big tsunami change in math",
      "level": ""
    },
    {
      "word": "revelation",
      "phonetic": "",
      "pos": "n.",
      "meaning": "揭示、让人看清之事",
      "example": "that is a a revelation of what is possible now",
      "level": ""
    },
    {
      "word": "dissatisfying / discomforting",
      "phonetic": "",
      "pos": "adj.",
      "meaning": "令人不满足 / 令人不安",
      "example": "finding it dissatisfying and a little discomforting",
      "level": ""
    },
    {
      "word": "elegant / crisp",
      "phonetic": "",
      "pos": "adj.",
      "meaning": "优雅的 / 干脆利落的",
      "example": "the elegant simple way",
      "level": ""
    },
    {
      "word": "multi-faceted / gainfully employed / prosperous",
      "phonetic": "",
      "pos": "adj./phr./adj.",
      "meaning": "多层面的 / 有报酬地就业 / 富足的",
      "example": "a multiaceted thing",
      "level": ""
    },
    {
      "word": "squint at",
      "phonetic": "",
      "pos": "",
      "meaning": "眯眼看；引申「大致扫一眼」",
      "example": "if you squint at this nice list of ... Grand Challenge problems",
      "level": ""
    },
    {
      "word": "nerdier / nerd out",
      "phonetic": "",
      "pos": "",
      "meaning": "更技术宅一点 / 钻进技术细节",
      "example": "we can be a little bit nerdier",
      "level": ""
    },
    {
      "word": "wear the dual hat",
      "phonetic": "",
      "pos": "",
      "meaning": "身兼两职、戴两顶帽子",
      "example": "I'm going to wear the dual hat of asking you questions but participate",
      "level": ""
    },
    {
      "word": "between the audience and snacks",
      "phonetic": "",
      "pos": "",
      "meaning": "夹在观众和茶点之间",
      "example": "we're between the audience and snacks",
      "level": ""
    },
    {
      "word": "Google lifer",
      "phonetic": "",
      "pos": "",
      "meaning": "一辈子待在 Google 的人",
      "example": "pretty much all four of you are more or less Google lifers",
      "level": ""
    },
    {
      "word": "janky",
      "phonetic": "",
      "pos": "",
      "meaning": "糙、歪歪扭扭、拼凑感",
      "example": "a junk janky kind of pile of Python code",
      "level": ""
    },
    {
      "word": "go off and do / explore",
      "phonetic": "",
      "pos": "",
      "meaning": "自己跑去把事做了 / 自行探索",
      "example": "please go off and explore model architectures ... and it will go off and do that",
      "level": ""
    },
    {
      "word": "loopy",
      "phonetic": "",
      "pos": "",
      "meaning": "双关：绕圈的 / 有点疯的",
      "example": "some might say we're a bit loopy but yes",
      "level": ""
    },
    {
      "word": "take a bigger plunge",
      "phonetic": "",
      "pos": "",
      "meaning": "下更大的决心、纵身一跃",
      "example": "taking a bigger plunge of now you have to figure out real estate",
      "level": ""
    },
    {
      "word": "Is kind of fun",
      "phonetic": "",
      "pos": "",
      "meaning": "「这倒也挺好玩」",
      "example": "Is kind of fun",
      "level": ""
    },
    {
      "word": "go down the rabbit hole",
      "phonetic": "",
      "pos": "",
      "meaning": "钻牛角尖、越聊越深收不住",
      "example": "I don't want to go down the rabbit hole",
      "level": ""
    },
    {
      "word": "rare opportunity",
      "phonetic": "",
      "pos": "",
      "meaning": "难得的机会",
      "example": "it's just a rare opportunity to have this discussion in public",
      "level": ""
    },
    {
      "word": "push you a little bit",
      "phonetic": "",
      "pos": "",
      "meaning": "稍微追问 / 逼问一下",
      "example": "I want to just push you a little bit",
      "level": ""
    },
    {
      "word": "down the road",
      "phonetic": "",
      "pos": "",
      "meaning": "以后、往后（不是「沿路」）",
      "example": "not right now but down the road",
      "level": ""
    },
    {
      "word": "amenable to",
      "phonetic": "",
      "pos": "",
      "meaning": "适合、易于（被某做法处理）",
      "example": "it's very amenable to speeding up that entire loop",
      "level": ""
    },
    {
      "word": "point it at",
      "phonetic": "",
      "pos": "",
      "meaning": "把它对准 / 指向（某问题）",
      "example": "then you can point it at lots of problems",
      "level": ""
    },
    {
      "word": "didn't pan out",
      "phonetic": "",
      "pos": "",
      "meaning": "没成、没出结果",
      "example": "we thought about that ... and that didn't pan out either",
      "level": ""
    },
    {
      "word": "stand out",
      "phonetic": "",
      "pos": "",
      "meaning": "突出、显眼",
      "example": "a handful of things stand out",
      "level": ""
    },
    {
      "word": "mixed emotions",
      "phonetic": "",
      "pos": "",
      "meaning": "心情复杂",
      "example": "I had mixed emotions when we see",
      "level": ""
    },
    {
      "word": "to this day",
      "phonetic": "",
      "pos": "",
      "meaning": "到今天仍然",
      "example": "to this day you would wonder great theorists like Newton",
      "level": ""
    },
    {
      "word": "pop quiz",
      "phonetic": "",
      "pos": "",
      "meaning": "突击小测验",
      "example": "I did promise Jeff I'm going to give him a pop quiz on stage",
      "level": ""
    },
    {
      "word": "No pressure",
      "phonetic": "",
      "pos": "",
      "meaning": "「没压力（啊）」",
      "example": "great. No pressure.",
      "level": ""
    },
    {
      "word": "parting words",
      "phonetic": "",
      "pos": "",
      "meaning": "临别赠言",
      "example": "What is your parting words for the students",
      "level": ""
    },
    {
      "word": "human element / human passion",
      "phonetic": "",
      "pos": "",
      "meaning": "人的部分 / 人的热情",
      "example": "there's still that human element",
      "level": ""
    }
  ],
  "sentences": []
}